Exercises study 6: Informal Fallacies and definitions
Exercise 6.1 Informal Fallacies True/False Statements
Instructions: Which of the following statements is true and which is false? If false, how could it be reworded so as to qualify as a true statement?
Instructions: Which of the following statements is true and which is false? If false, how could it be reworded so as to qualify as a true statement?
1. Fallacies are classified as either formal or informal.
2. Informal Fallacies are fallacies of form rather than content.
3, Argumentum Ad Baculum is classified as a Fallacy of Relevance.
4. The Fallacy of Accident occurs when one assumes as a premise the conclusion intended to be proved.
5. The Fallacy of False Dilemma poses two and only two alternatives when there are more than two choices.
6. Fallacies of Relevance are a smaller class than Fallacies of Ambiguity.
7. Fallacies of Ambiguity include two that speak of the relation between the attributes of a part or parts and the whole.
8. Amphibology is a Fallacy of Relevance.
9. Ad hominem is a form of argument that deduces conclusions unacceptable to another person’s premises.
10. Lexical Definition introduces a new term or new use for an old term.
11. The purpose of a Precising Definition is the reduction or elimination of vague terminology.
12. Synonymous definitions have the same connotation and denotation if any.
13. Definiens designates the term or phrase to be defined.
14. That portion of a definition that provides the meaning of a term is called the definiendum.
15. One way to avoid counterfeit argument is by means of clear and precise definitions of vague or ambiguous terminology.
2. Informal Fallacies are fallacies of form rather than content.
3, Argumentum Ad Baculum is classified as a Fallacy of Relevance.
4. The Fallacy of Accident occurs when one assumes as a premise the conclusion intended to be proved.
5. The Fallacy of False Dilemma poses two and only two alternatives when there are more than two choices.
6. Fallacies of Relevance are a smaller class than Fallacies of Ambiguity.
7. Fallacies of Ambiguity include two that speak of the relation between the attributes of a part or parts and the whole.
8. Amphibology is a Fallacy of Relevance.
9. Ad hominem is a form of argument that deduces conclusions unacceptable to another person’s premises.
10. Lexical Definition introduces a new term or new use for an old term.
11. The purpose of a Precising Definition is the reduction or elimination of vague terminology.
12. Synonymous definitions have the same connotation and denotation if any.
13. Definiens designates the term or phrase to be defined.
14. That portion of a definition that provides the meaning of a term is called the definiendum.
15. One way to avoid counterfeit argument is by means of clear and precise definitions of vague or ambiguous terminology.
Exercise 6.2 Fallacies Defined
Instructions: Fill in the box next to each item with the letter of the most correct answer. If no correct answer is listed, choose " p " None of theAbove.
Instructions: Fill in the box next to each item with the letter of the most correct answer. If no correct answer is listed, choose " p " None of theAbove.
- a. accent
- b. ad baculum
- c. ad hominem (abusive)
- d. ad ignorantiam
- e. ad misericordiam
- f. ad populum
- g. ad verecundiam
- h. equivocation
- i. amphibology
- j. circular reasoning
- k. complex question
- l. composition
- m. division
- n. post hoc
- o. false dilemma
- p. None of the Above
1. When one appeals to force or threat of force to cause acceptance of a conclusion.
2. When instead of trying to disprove the truth of what is asserted, one attacks the person's situation, beliefs, or character.
3. Whenever it is argued that a proposition is true (false) simply on the basis that it has not been proved false (true).
4. The attempt to win popular assent to a conclusion by arousing the feelings and enthusiasms of the multitude, or appealing to popular opinion.
5. An appeal to the feeling of respect people have for the famous to win assent to a conclusion.
6. When one argues that another must choose one of two choices without having proven that the choices are mutually exclusive.
7. When one considers only exceptional cases and generalizes to a rule that fits them alone.
8. When one assumes as a premise for an argument the very conclusion one intends to prove.
9. When pity is appealed to for the sake of getting a conclusion accepted.
10. When we confuse the different meanings a single word or phrase may have.
11. When a statement’s meaning is unclear because of the loose way in which its words are combined.
12. When words or phrases of a statement are emphasized or stressed producing a different meaning from the original.
13. When one reasons fallaciously from the properties of the parts of a whole to the properties of the whole itself.
14. Assuming without proof that a prior event explains or is the cause of a subsequent event.
15. When one argues fallaciously that what is true of a whole must be true of each of its parts.
2. When instead of trying to disprove the truth of what is asserted, one attacks the person's situation, beliefs, or character.
3. Whenever it is argued that a proposition is true (false) simply on the basis that it has not been proved false (true).
4. The attempt to win popular assent to a conclusion by arousing the feelings and enthusiasms of the multitude, or appealing to popular opinion.
5. An appeal to the feeling of respect people have for the famous to win assent to a conclusion.
6. When one argues that another must choose one of two choices without having proven that the choices are mutually exclusive.
7. When one considers only exceptional cases and generalizes to a rule that fits them alone.
8. When one assumes as a premise for an argument the very conclusion one intends to prove.
9. When pity is appealed to for the sake of getting a conclusion accepted.
10. When we confuse the different meanings a single word or phrase may have.
11. When a statement’s meaning is unclear because of the loose way in which its words are combined.
12. When words or phrases of a statement are emphasized or stressed producing a different meaning from the original.
13. When one reasons fallaciously from the properties of the parts of a whole to the properties of the whole itself.
14. Assuming without proof that a prior event explains or is the cause of a subsequent event.
15. When one argues fallaciously that what is true of a whole must be true of each of its parts.
Exercise 6.3 Definitions
Instructions: Fill in the blank(s) in each item with the letter of the most correct answer. If no correct answer is listed, choose " n " None of the Above.
Instructions: Fill in the blank(s) in each item with the letter of the most correct answer. If no correct answer is listed, choose " n " None of the Above.
- a. analytic
- b. denotative
- c. designative
- d. genetic
- e. genus & difference
- f. lexical
- g. operational
- h. ostensive
- i. persuasive
- j. precising
- k. stipulative
- l. synonymous
- m. theoretical
- n. none of the above
1. A definition that reports the conventional meaning of a term is known as a(n) _____ definition.
2. Definitions that introduce a term either having no previous meaning or assigning a new one are said to be _____ .
3. If a definition gives a more precise meaning to a term, it is call a(n) _____ definition.
4. Definitions given for the purpose of solving theoretical problems (among other matters) are called. _____ .
5. _____ definitions are attempts to change attitudes toward either favorable or unfavorable connotations or denotations.
6. Definitions according to method are classified as _____ or _____ .
7. A definition that lists the members of the term/class being defined is known as _____ .
8. A definition whose definiendum and definiens are exact equivalents in every respect are said to be _____ .
9. _____ definition is a designative one in which the definiens provides an analysis of the meaning of the definiendum.
10. A statement of the way in which members of a subclass differ from other members of the general class is a definition by _____ .
11. _____ definition describes the origin or development of the class being defined.
12. _____ definition specifies a set of procedures for determining whether a term can be correctly applied.
2. Definitions that introduce a term either having no previous meaning or assigning a new one are said to be _____ .
3. If a definition gives a more precise meaning to a term, it is call a(n) _____ definition.
4. Definitions given for the purpose of solving theoretical problems (among other matters) are called. _____ .
5. _____ definitions are attempts to change attitudes toward either favorable or unfavorable connotations or denotations.
6. Definitions according to method are classified as _____ or _____ .
7. A definition that lists the members of the term/class being defined is known as _____ .
8. A definition whose definiendum and definiens are exact equivalents in every respect are said to be _____ .
9. _____ definition is a designative one in which the definiens provides an analysis of the meaning of the definiendum.
10. A statement of the way in which members of a subclass differ from other members of the general class is a definition by _____ .
11. _____ definition describes the origin or development of the class being defined.
12. _____ definition specifies a set of procedures for determining whether a term can be correctly applied.
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